The pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model, pioneered by companies such as M-KOPA and d.light, lets customers acquire a solar home system with a small deposit and pay the remaining cost in small installments via mobile money, with the system remotely locked if payments lapse and unlocked once they resume. A mini-grid is a small, localized generation and distribution network -- often solar-powered -- that supplies electricity to a village or cluster of businesses not connected to the national grid, and can later be interconnected with the national grid as it expands. Companies like Bboxx have also built businesses around this model, combining hardware, financing, and mobile payments to make electricity access affordable for customers who could not pay a large sum upfront.